Exploring Iron Ore Beneficiation Methods: Principles and Applications

Iron ore beneficiation is a complex process aimed at extracting high-quality iron concentrate from lean ores and associated ores, while balancing energy efficiency and environmental protection. The core of this process lies in a series of beneficiation methods that effectively separate valuable iron minerals from gangue based on their physical and chemical properties.

Magnetic separation is one of the most commonly used methods in iron ore beneficiation. It is suitable for strongly magnetic ores such as magnetite and some weakly magnetic minerals like hematite after roasting and magnetization. Common equipment includes dry magnetic separators and wet magnetic separators. Among them, the Wet High Gradient Magnetic Separator (WHIMS) is widely used for fine-grained ore separation due to its high magnetic field strength and precise separation capability .

Flotation is an important technique for recovering weak magnetic minerals. It achieves mineral enrichment by adjusting the pH value and adding collectors and frothers to improve the hydrophobicity of mineral surfaces. The effectiveness of flotation is directly affected by factors such as the reagents used, gas, and the production and separation of froth, which in turn are influenced by the process employed and the properties of the raw ore .

In addition to magnetic separation and flotation, gravity separation is also applied in iron ore beneficiation. For different types of iron ores such as hematite and magnetite, to ensure the rationality of separation, different beneficiation processes can be combined. This combination of processes helps to improve the rationality and efficiency of iron ore beneficiation .

With the development of technology, new technologies and equipment are constantly being introduced into the beneficiation process. Advanced equipment such as high-efficiency cyclones and intelligent beneficiation systems, as well as the application of automation and intelligent technologies, have further improved the precision and efficiency of separation. Sensors and control systems enable dynamic monitoring and adjustment during the separation process, ensuring the controllability and stability of the operation