This process involves constructing piles from crushed ore, employing a spray system to ensure uniform penetration of the leaching solvent. Following chemical reaction with the gold, the gold-bearing solution is collected from the base of the heap, ultimately achieving gold recovery.
Lead-zinc oxide ores constitute over 35% of global resources, representing a significant replacement resource. However, their separation has long posed industry-wide challenges, characterised by low recovery rates, high reagent consumption, and complex processing flows.
Manganese, as a critical strategic metal, requires mineral processing techniques precisely matched to ore properties for efficient recovery. Achieving cost-effective separation necessitates a systematic integrated process solution.
Hydrometallurgy takes the aqueous solution as the core environment and realizes metal separation and enrichment through two key processes: leaching and extraction. The leaching process uses solvents such as acids, alkalis, and salts to selectively extract valuable metals from ores, and can be divided into heap leaching, agitation leaching, etc., according to the leaching method.
The flotation process for lead-zinc ores offers highly effective separation. Its core principle is to exploit differences in the physical and chemical properties of mineral surfaces, particularly their wettability. For lead-zinc ores, the addition of specific collectors selectively renders the mineral surfaces hydrophobic, allowing them to readily attach to air bubbles, while the gangue minerals remain hydrophilic in the slurry.
Antimony Ore Extraction: The extraction method for antimony ore should be selected based on basic physical and chemical properties such as ore type, mineral composition, mineral structure, and intercalation characteristics. Other factors that should be considered include the content of valuable components, compatibility with antimony metallurgical technology, and ultimate economic benefits.
Floating flotation can treat most copper oxide minerals, but for low-grade copper oxide ores—particularly those where the primary copper-bearing minerals are chalcopyrite and cuprite—flotation often fails to achieve satisfactory results. In such cases, chemical beneficiation methods may be employed to process the copper oxide minerals.
Flotation is the primary method of separation and sorting for non-ferrous metal ores. For non-ferrous polymetallic ores, the flotation process includes preferential flotation, fully mixed flotation, partially mixed flotation, and asynchronous flotation. The selection of these processes requires a comprehensive assessment of ore properties, mineral composition, useful mineral content, and product specifications.
Associated gold is widely present in copper ores, followed by lead-zinc ores, with minor occurrences in molybdenum, platinum, nickel, tin, and tungsten ores. Some iron ores and pyrite also contain associated gold.
Among the many copper ore separation technologies, wet leaching has become the mainstream choice for developing low-grade copper ores due to its adaptability to complex ores, cost controllability, and environmental friendliness. Based on ore particle size, occurrence, and mining conditions, mainstream copper ore leaching and separation processes can be divided into four categories: heap leaching, tank leaching, in-situ leaching, and agitation leaching.