White tungsten ore constitutes a tungsten ore raw material of significant economic value. Belonging to the tetragonal crystal system, it commonly appears grey, white, or brownish-yellow. It is frequently encountered in skarn, quartz vein, and kyanite-type tungsten deposits, whilst also occurring within intrusive-related deposits and orogenic gold deposits.
Copper dressing is a systematic process that converts raw copper ore into high-grade copper concentrate, and the selection of appropriate equipment directly determines the efficiency, recovery rate, and economic benefits of the entire production line.
In the field of ilmenite separation, the electrostatic separation process has become an important technology for efficient separation of coarse-grained ilmenite from gangue, thanks to its advantages of low energy consumption, high purity, and low pollution. Its core principle lies in utilizing the difference in electrical properties between ilmenite and gangue minerals . Ilmenite is a semiconductor mineral , while gangue is mostly non-conductive mineral .
As an important industrial mineral, ilmenite beneficiation needs to address challenges such as difficult recovery of fine particles and difficult separation of gangue. With flotation as the core, it combines reagent optimization, process innovation and equipment adaptation to achieve efficient separation.
Quartz sand, also known as silica sand, is a common non-metallic mineral raw material with extensive applications. Quartz sand purification is a highly challenging separation technique that removes minor or trace impurities to obtain refined quartz sand or high-purity quartz sand.
The core challenge in fluorspar beneficiation lies in achieving effective separation from associated gangue minerals such as barite and calcite. This requires a three-pronged approach focusing on crystal property research, innovative reagent systems, and process optimisation to enhance the grade and recovery rate of fluorspar concentrate.
The primary methods of iron ore extraction comprise open-pit mining, underground mining, and hydraulic mining. Deposits near the surface or at shallow depths are typically mined via open-pit techniques; deeper deposits necessitate underground mining, leading many mining operations to transition underground after reaching certain open-pit limits.
This process involves constructing piles from crushed ore, employing a spray system to ensure uniform penetration of the leaching solvent. Following chemical reaction with the gold, the gold-bearing solution is collected from the base of the heap, ultimately achieving gold recovery.
Lead-zinc oxide ores constitute over 35% of global resources, representing a significant replacement resource. However, their separation has long posed industry-wide challenges, characterised by low recovery rates, high reagent consumption, and complex processing flows.
Manganese, as a critical strategic metal, requires mineral processing techniques precisely matched to ore properties for efficient recovery. Achieving cost-effective separation necessitates a systematic integrated process solution.